Can Rhetorical Devices Improve a Speech?

September 27, 2017 by Chris Delaney, posted in public speaking

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Some orators, and many famous speeches are purposeful, persuasive and powerful.

Many speech writers ask that famous question, how can I inspire my audience with my words? Shakespeare, Churchill and Martin Luther King, to name a few, had a device that took the ordinary and made it extraordinary.

This speaking device is so powerful that it can start a movement, inspire a nation or create lasting works that admire by billions. The device is rhetoric. Rhetoric, is the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of figures of speech and other compositional techniques. You can these techniques, to create a more powerful and persuasive speech, bestman talk or presentation.

Can Rhetorical Devices Improve a Speech?

Rhetorical Terms

There are hundreds of rhetoric devices to choose from, I have named a few here to get you started. Further down the article I will show you how these rhetoric devices can be embedded into a speech, making the speech more powerful (and I find easier to remember)

Personally I don’t worry about trying to remember the rhetoric device name or attempting to pronounce them. Instead, I have learnt the meaning and how to effectively use these speaking techniques when writing a speech.

1. ADYNATON

This first device is simply exaggerating for rhetorical effect “this is the best blog post I have ever read!” “the fish was this big” “he is so old he must have been alive when the Romans invaded England” In a humorous speech, this technique is powerful when the exaggeration is ridiculous (I find that this devices creates visualizations in the audiences mind) “this guy was so stupid he tried to drown a fish”

2. ANADIPLOSIS

I use this technique a lot, as it is easy to use and I find very powerful. Anadiplosis takes the last (word or sentence) of one sentence/paragraph and uses it as the first word of the second sentence “by learning rhetorical device you can improve your writing skills. To improve your writing skills you…” “Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.”

4. RHETORICAL QUESTION

A great way to open a speech is with a question, a question that doesn’t require an audiences answer (but I have found in smaller audiences that some of them shout out an answer!!” Marketing experts use this technique all the time “do you want to fly with an airline you trust?” so do politicians “which party cares most about Britain?” In a speech you can start with “do you know that (add speech topic here) ….”

5. TRICOLON

This is a really, really, really famous rhetorical device (sorry that was a poor, terrible and stupid example) Tricolon is the power of 3, saying things in 3’s has a nice, natural ring to it. A story has a beginning, middle and end. In speech writing you are taught to state what you are going to say, say it, and summaries it. You can repeat sentences, words or split statements into 3 parts. The most famous example came from Tony Bliar’s election campaign when he stated “ask me my three main priorities for government, and I tell you: education, education, education.”

6. MERISM

This device is one that you might already use in your story writing, in your speech writing, when writing poetry, when writing articles (or I could just say “all writings”) Merism is using more words then is necessary. In a speech you can list the specifics of a subject (this then turns a merism into a Blazon) “to be a good speaker you need to be confident in front of an audience , you need to be confident within yourself, you need to speak with confidence, use a confident tone, move with confidence, stare with confidence…basically you can ignore all the details and say “to be good at speaking you need to be confident” but saying the details creates a purpose flow to your speech that engages the audience.

7. ASTERISMOS

If you want to grab your audiences attention start the speech with a Asterismos – this is a word, that often seems unnecessary. Starting your speech on dieting with “Hunger” (add powerful tone and volume here) will create an impact.

8. CHIASMUS

A speech with symmetry is easy on the ear, and allows the audience to easily remember your lines. If you want the audience to easily remember your lines, and you want it to be easy on the ear, use a speech with symmetry. Chiasmus is basically mirroring the a line before, the most famous being “ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country”

9. EPISTROPHE

Ending each sentence (or paragraph) with the same word (or sentence) is epistrophe. Abraham Lincoln famously said “government of the people, by the people , for the people”

10. EUTREPISMUS

First, we need to X. Second, we need to Y And third, we need to Z Eutrepismus is commonly used in professional presentations, by simply numbering or ordering of a series of phrases

The Speech

Here is a speech I used to win a humorous speaking contest, below I will re-record the speech highlighting some of the rhetorical devices I used (some recorded above – but the list above is very small, just really to give you a taste for rhetorical devices used in speeches) and some additional rhetorical devices thrown in for good measure

THE DATE

My date

She was late

It couldn’t have started worst

She had forgotten her purse

I ordered 2 large glass of pink champagne

She called me Bobby, that wasn’t my name

She was as pretty as a picture

In that moment I knew I had to hitch her

I told her she was hot, so hot, as hot as a curry

A viderloo, I didn’t know what I should do

I told her that she looked nice in that short red dress

She looked me up and down and asked if I had tried by best?

It wasn’t going well

She thought she was in hell

I needed to know her type

To check that her dating profile was right

I asked her questions that she had to answer honestly

I wanted to find out if she would ever fancy me?

She liked brown eyes

I have blue

She liked guys with muscles

I have a few

She liked men who could talk confidently to women

I stood up and said…..I dont know where to begin

The date it wasn’t going to plan

I could tell, she wasn’t a fan

What could I do to make this love be true?

Come on woman, give me a clue

I knew I was being a bore

What I had to do was build rapport

I could communicate with questions to create a common interest

It didn’t go down well when i asked if can I try-on her red dress?

Do you like reading poetry or reading shakespeare late at night?

No, she liked watching rugby, she liked men that could fight

I like autumn, she liked the hot days of summer

I weigh 13 stone, she wanted me to be thinner

I like stamp collecting. She …..didn’t

I like the kitchen I like bread making

She liked restaurants, she hated all types of baking

I like the sun, she liked the moon

I wanted to her stay, she wanted to leave soon

I like to sail, she liked to fly

I like hello, she liked goodbye

I wanted to kiss her, I knew she would taste like a fine red wine

She wanted me to turn around, she preferred me from behind

I asked if she liked my beautiful eyes, or my stylish hair,

did she like my personality or the clothes that I wear?

She said…..no

At this point you think the date should stop

But it can’t, as I have 2 minutes left on the timekeeper’s clock

Fellow toastmasters, the story is coming to an end, did we fall in love or did we stay good friends?

Did cupid fire his arrow, was it shot far and true, were her eyes opened wide, did she know what she had to do?

She didn’t have an instant attraction, that much i know is true, she may have liked brown eyes when I only have blue, she may fancy muscular men with bodies as big as a shed, she may have found me more attractive when she was looking at the back of my head

But something had sparked her interest, something had become a hook, she told me to come back to her place so I could….take a look – i couldn’t think of anything else to rhyme with hook

She told me i was exciting, good looking and charming too, she told me, to be with me, there was nothing that she wouldn’t do.

I couldn’t believe my change in fortune, I thought i’d lost the race, I had given it a go but thought i’d be sent home in disgrace

i had been the turtle slowly chasing the hare, was it anything to do with me telling her I was a millionaire?

The days had melted into weeks and the weeks into years, the more time we spent together the more I would fear

She had declared her love to me even though she thought i was a bore, i wonder what she will say when i admit that in actual fact i’m not rich, i’m actually poor

Rhetorical Devices in a Speech

My date (Asterismos – for this to be effective i leave a long pause after saying “date”)

She was late

It couldn’t have started worst (andynaton)

She had forgotten her purse

I ordered 2 large glass of pink champagne

She called me Bobby, that wasn’t my name

She was as pretty as a picture (simile “..as a picture”)

In that moment I knew I had to hitch her

I told her she was hot, so hot, as hot (3 use of “hot” tricolon) as a curry (ambiguous use of “hot” for humor effect)

A viderloo, I didn’t know what I should do

I told her that she looked nice in that short red dress

She looked me up and down and asked if I had tried by best?

It wasn’t going well

She thought she was in hell (Metaphor, describing the date as “hell”)

I needed to know her type

To check that her dating profile was right

I asked her questions that she had to answer honestly

I wanted to find out if she would ever fancy me?

She liked brown eyes

I have blue

She liked guys with muscles

I have a few

She liked men who could talk confidently to women

I stood up and said…..I dont know where to begin (this whole section “she liked blue….to this last line is a large tricolon)

The date it wasn’t going to plan

I could tell, she wasn’t a fan

What could I do to make this love be true?

Come on woman, give me a clue

I knew I was being a bore

What I had to do was build rapport

I could communicate with questions to create a common interest

It didn’t go down well when i asked if can I try-on her red dress?

Do you like reading poetry or reading shakespeare late at night?

No, she liked watching rugby, she liked men that could fight

I like autumn, she liked the hot days of summer

I weigh 13 stone, she wanted me to be thinner

I like stamp collecting. She …..didn’t

I like the kitchen I like bread making

She liked restaurants, she hated all types of baking

I like the sun, she liked the moon (contrast, sun and moon)

I wanted to her stay, she wanted to leave soon

I like to sail, she liked to fly

I like hello, she liked goodbye

I wanted to kiss her, I knew she would taste like a fine red wine

She wanted me to turn around, she preferred me from behind

I asked if she liked my beautiful eyes, or my stylish hair,

did she like my personality or the clothes that I wear? (Merism – i could of just asked “do you like me?”)

She said…..no

At this point you think the date should stop

But it can’t, as I have 2 minutes left on the timekeeper’s clock

Fellow toastmasters, the story is coming to an end, did we fall in love or did we stay good friends? (rhetorical question)

Did cupid fire his arrow, was it shot far and true, were her eyes opened wide, did she know what she had to do?

But (Asterismos – i say “but” in a loud tone, leave a pause then talk slow and softly to create intrigue) something had sparked her interest, something had become a hook, she told me to come back to her place so I could….take a look – i couldn’t think of anything else to rhyme with hook

She told me i was exciting, good looking and charming too, (tricolon; exciting, good looking, charming) she told me, to be with me, there was nothing that she wouldn’t do.

I couldn’t believe my change in fortune, I thought i’d lost the race, I had given it a go but thought i’d be sent home in disgrace

i had been the turtle slowly chasing the hare (metaphor), was it anything to do with me telling her I was a millionaire? (rhetorical question)

The days had melted into weeks and the weeks into years (Chiasmus), the more time we spent together the more I would fear

She had declared her love to me even though she thought i was a bore, i wonder what she will say when i admit that in actual fact i’m not rich, i’m actually poor

As you may have learnt from reading the speech, their is lots of rhymes and the speech has a natural rhythm to it, which is another rhetorical device

Chris Delaney NLP Life Coach, Hypnotherapist and Career Advisor is available for booking for One to One Private Sessions, Group Training Sessions and Public Speaking Events

Chris Delaney is also a published author “The 73 Rules of Influencing the Interview – using Psychology, NLP and Hypnotic Persuasion Techniques” and his latest book “Evolve the Mind – the 7 rules to mind evolution”

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Fear, Anxiety and Phobia List

Ablutophobia- Fear of washing or bathing;

Acarophobia- Fear of itching or of the insects that cause itching;

Acerophobia- Fear of sourness;

Achluophobia- Fear of darkness;;

Acousticophobia- Fear of noise;

Acrophobia- Fear of heights;

Aerophobia- Fear of drafts, air swallowing, or airbourne noxious substances;

Aeroacrophobia- Fear of open high places;

Aeronausiphobia- Fear of vomiting secondary to airsickness;

Agateophobia- Fear of insanity;

Agliophobia- Fear of pain;

Agoraphobia- Fear of open spaces or of being in crowded, public places like markets; Fear of leaving a safe place;

Agraphobia- Fear of sexual abuse;

Agrizoophobia- Fear of wild animals;

Agyrophobia- Fear of streets or crossing the street;

Aichmophobia- Fear of needles or pointed objects;

Ailurophobia- Fear of cats;

Albuminurophobia- Fear of kidney disease;

Alektorophobia- Fear of chickens;

Algophobia- Fear of pain;

Alliumphobia- Fear of garlic;

Allodoxaphobia- Fear of opinions;

Altophobia- Fear of heights;

Amathophobia- Fear of dust;

Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a car;

Ambulophobia- Fear of walking;

Amnesiphobia- Fear of amnesia;

Amychophobia- Fear of scratches or being scratched;

Anablephobia- Fear of looking up;

Ancraophobia- Fear of wind;

Androphobia- Fear of men;

Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or wind;

Anginophobia- Fear of angina, choking or narrowness;

Anglophobia- Fear of England;

Angrophobia – Fear of anger or of becoming angry;

Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint;

Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- Fear of flowers;

Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society;

Antlophobia- Fear of floods;

Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying single;

Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity;

Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched;

Apiphobia- Fear of bees;

Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations;

Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth;

Arachnephobia or Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders;

Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers;

Arrhenphobia- Fear of men;

Arsonphobia- Fear of fire;

Asthenophobia- Fear of fainting or weakness;

Astraphobia or Astrapophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning;

Astrophobia- Fear of stars or celestial space;

Asymmetriphobia- Fear of asymmetrical things;

Ataxiophobia- Fear of ataxia;

Ataxophobia- Fear of disorder or untidiness;

Atelophobia- Fear of imperfection;

Atephobia- Fear of ruin or ruins;

Athazagoraphobia- Fear of being forgotton;

Atomosophobia- Fear of atomic explosions;

Atychiphobia- Fear of failure;

Aulophobia- Fear of flutes;

Aurophobia- Fear of gold;

Auroraphobia- Fear of Northern lights;

Autodysomophobia- Fear of one that has a vile odor;

Automatonophobia- Fear of ventriloquist’s dummies, animatronic creatures, wax statues anything that falsly represents a sentient being;

Automysophobia- Fear of being dirty;

Autophobia- Fear of being alone or of oneself;

Aviophobia or Aviatophobia- Fear of flying;

Bacillophobia- Fear of microbes;

Bacteriophobia- Fear of bacteria;

Ballistophobia- Fear of missiles or bullets;

Bolshephobia- Fear of Bolsheviks;

Barophobia- Fear of gravity;

Basophobia or Basiphobia- Inability to stand; Fear of walking or falling;

Bathmophobia- Fear of stairs or steep slopes;

Bathophobia- Fear of depth;

Batophobia- Fear of heights or being close to high buildings;

Batrachophobia- Fear of amphibians, such as frogs, newts, salamanders, etc;

Belonephobia- Fear of pins and needles; (Aichmophobia)

Bibliophobia- Fear of books;

Blennophobia- Fear of slime;

Bogyphobia- Fear of bogeys or the bogeyman;

Botanophobia- Fear of plants;

Bromidrosiphobia or Bromidrophobia- Fear of body smells;

Brontophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning;

Bufonophobia- Fear of toads;

Cacophobia- Fear of ugliness;

Cainophobia or Cainotophobia- Fear of newness, novelty;

Caligynephobia- Fear of beautiful women;

Cancerophobia or Carcinophobia- Fear of cancer;

Cardiophobia- Fear of the heart;

Carnophobia- Fear of meat;

Catagelophobia- Fear of being ridiculed;

Catapedaphobia- Fear of jumping from high and low places;

Cathisophobia- Fear of sitting;

Catoptrophobia- Fear of mirrors;

Cenophobia Fear of new things or ideas;

Ceraunophobia Fear of thunder and lightning

Chaetophobia- Fear of hair;

Cheimaphobia Fear of cold;

Chemophobia- Fear of chemicals or working with chemicals;

Cherophobia- Fear of gaiety;

Chionophobia- Fear of snow;

Chiraptophobia- Fear of being touched;

Chirophobia- Fear of hands;

Chiroptophobia- Fear of bats;

Cholerophobia- Fear of anger or the fear of cholera;

Chorophobia- Fear of dancing;

Chrometophobia or Chrematophobia- Fear of money;

Chromophobia or Chromatophobia- Fear of colors;

Chronophobia- Fear of time;

Chronomentrophobia- Fear of clocks;

Cibophobia- Fear of food;

Claustrophobia- Fear of confined spaces;

Cleithrophobia or Cleisiophobia- Fear of being locked in an enclosed place;

Cleptophobia- Fear of stealing;

Climacophobia- Fear of stairs, climbing, or of falling downstairs;

Clinophobia- Fear of going to bed;

Clithrophobia or Cleithrophobia- Fear of being enclosed;

Cnidophobia- Fear of stings;

Cometophobia- Fear of comets;

Coimetrophobia- Fear of cemeteries;

Coitophobia- Fear of coitus;

Contreltophobia- Fear of sexual abuse;

Coprastasophobia- Fear of constipation;

Coprophobia- Fear of feces;

Consecotaleophobia- Fear of chopsticks;

Coulrophobia- Fear of clowns;

Counterphobia- The preference by a phobic for fearful situations;

Cremnophobia- Fear of precipices;

Cryophobia- Fear of extreme cold;

Crystallophobia- Fear of crystals or glass;

Cyberphobia- Fear of computers;

Cyclophobia- Fear of bicycles;

Cymophobia Fear of waves;

Cynophobia- Fear of dogs or rabies;

Cypridophobia Fear of prostitutes;

Decidophobia- Fear of making decisions;

Defecaloesiophobia- Fear of painful bowels movements;

Deipnophobia- Fear of dining or dinner conversations;

Dementophobia- Fear of insanity;

Demonophobia or Daemonophobia- Fear of demons;

Demophobia- Fear of crowds;

Dendrophobia- Fear of trees;

Dentophobia- Fear of dentists;

Dermatophobia- Fear of skin lesions;

Dextrophobia- Fear of objects at the right side of the body;

Diabetophobia- Fear of diabetes;

Didaskaleinophobia- Fear of going to school;

Dikephobia- Fear of justice;

Dinophobia- Fear of dizziness or whirlpools;

Diplophobia- Fear of double vision;

Dipsophobia- Fear of drinking;

Dishabiliophobia- Fear of undressing in front of someone;

Disposophobia- Fear of throwing stuff out; Hoarding;

Domatophobia- Fear of houses or being in a house;

Doraphobia- Fear of fur or skins of animals;

Doxophobia- Fear of expressing opinions or of receiving praise;

Dromophobia- Fear of crossing streets;

Dutchphobia- Fear of the Dutch;

Dysmorphophobia- Fear of deformity;

Dystychiphobia- Fear of accidents;

Ecclesiophobia- Fear of church;

Ecophobia- Fear of home;

Eicophobia- Fear of home surroundings;

Eisoptrophobia- Fear of mirrors;

Electrophobia- Fear of electricity;

Eleutherophobia- Fear of freedom;

Emetophobia- Fear of vomiting;

Enetophobia- Fear of pins;

Enochlophobia- Fear of crowds;

Enosiophobia – Fear of having committed an unpardonable sin or of criticism;

Entomophobia- Fear of insects;

Eosophobia- Fear of dawn or daylight;

Ephebiphobia- Fear of teenagers;

Epistaxiophobia- Fear of nosebleeds;

Epistemophobia- Fear of knowledge;

Equinophobia- Fear of horses;

Eremophobia- Fear of being oneself or of lonliness;

Ereuthrophobia- Fear of blushing;

Ergasiophobia- Fear of work or functioning;

Ergophobia- Fear of work;

Erotophobia- Fear of sexual love or sexual questions;

Euphobia- Fear of hearing good news;

Eurotophobia- Fear of female genitalia;

Erythrophobia Fear of redlights

Febriphobia Fear of fever;

Felinophobia- Fear of cats;

Francophobia- Fear of France;

Frigophobia- Fear of cold;

Galeophobia or Gatophobia- Fear of cats;

Gallophobia or Galiophobia- Fear France or French culture;

Gamophobia- Fear of marriage;

Geliophobia- Fear of laughter;

Gelotophobia- Fear of being laughed at;

Geniophobia- Fear of chins;

Genophobia- Fear of sex;

Genuphobia- Fear of knees;

Gephyrophobia – Fear of crossing bridges;

Germanophobia- Fear of Germany;

Gerascophobia- Fear of growing old;

Gerontophobia- Fear of old people or of growing old;

Geumaphobia – Fear of taste;

Glossophobia- Fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak;

Gnosiophobia- Fear of knowledge;

Graphophobia- Fear of writing or handwriting;

Gymnophobia- Fear of nudity;

Gynephobia or Gynophobia- Fear of women;

Hadephobia- Fear of hell;

Hagiophobia- Fear of saints or holy things;

Hamartophobia- Fear of sinning;

Haphephobia or Haptephobia- Fear of being touched;

Harpaxophobia- Fear of being robbed;

Hedonophobia- Fear of feeling pleasure;

Heliophobia- Fear of the sun;

Hellenologophobia- Fear of Greek terms or complex scientific terminology;

Helminthophobia- Fear of being infested with worms;

Hemophobia – Fear of blood;

Heresyphobia – Fear of challenges to official doctrine or of radical deviation;

Herpetophobia- Fear of reptiles or creepy, crawly things;

Heterophobia- Fear of the opposite sex;

Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia- Fear of the number 666;

Hierophobia- Fear of priests or sacred things;

Hippophobia- Fear of horses;

Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia- Fear of long words;

Hobophobia- Fear of bums or beggars;

Hodophobia- Fear of road travel;

Hormephobia- Fear of shock;

Homichlophobia- Fear of fog;

Homilophobia- Fear of sermons;

Hominophobia- Fear of men;

Homophobia- Fear of homosexuality;

Hoplophobia- Fear of firearms;

Hydrargyophobia- Fear of mercurial medicines;

Hydrophobia- Fear of water or of rabies;

Hydrophobophobia- Fear of rabies;

Hyelophobia or Hyalophobia- Fear of glass;

Hygrophobia- Fear of liquids, dampness, or moisture;

Hylephobia- Fear of materialism or the fear of epilepsy;

Hylophobia- Fear of forests;

Hypengyophobia or Hypegiaphobia- Fear of responsibility;

Hypnophobia- Fear of sleep or of being hypnotized;

Hypsiphobia- Fear of height;

Iatrophobia- Fear of going to the doctor;

Ichthyophobia- Fear of fish;

Ideophobia- Fear of ideas;

Illyngophobia- Fear of vertigo or feeling dizzy when looking down;

Iophobia- Fear of poison;

Insectophobia – Fear of insects;

Isolophobia- Fear of solitude, being alone;

Isopterophobia- Fear of termites, insects that eat wood;

Ithyphallophobia- Fear of seeing, thinking about or having an erect penis;

Japanophobia- Fear of Japanese;

Judeophobia- Fear of Jews;

Kainolophobia or Kainophobia- Fear of anything new, novelty;

Kakorrhaphiophobia- Fear of failure or defeat;

Katagelophobia- Fear of ridicule;

Kathisophobia- Fear of sitting down;

Katsaridaphobia- Fear of cockroaches;

Kenophobia- Fear of voids or empty spaces;

Keraunophobia – Fear of thunder and lightning;

Kinetophobia – Fear of movement or motion;

Kleptophobia- Fear of stealing;

Koinoniphobia- Fear of rooms;

Kolpophobia- Fear of genitals, particularly female;

Kopophobia- Fear of fatigue;

Koniophobia- Fear of dust;

Kosmikophobia- Fear of cosmic phenomenon;

Kymophobia- Fear of waves;

Kynophobia- Fear of rabies;

Kyphophobia- Fear of stooping;

Lachanophobia- Fear of vegetables;

Laliophobia – Fear of speaking;

Leprophobia – Fear of leprosy;

Leukophobia- Fear of the color white;

Levophobia- Fear of things to the left side of the body;

Ligyrophobia- Fear of loud noises;

Lilapsophobia- Fear of tornadoes and hurricanes;

Limnophobia- Fear of lakes;

Linonophobia- Fear of string;

Liticaphobia- Fear of lawsuits;

Lockiophobia- Fear of childbirth;

Logizomechanophobia- Fear of computers;

Logophobia- Fear of words;

Luiphobia- Fear of lues, syphillis;

Lutraphobia- Fear of otters;

Lygophobia- Fear of darkness;

Lyssophobia- Fear of rabies or of becoming mad;

Macrophobia- Fear of long waits;

Mageirocophobia- Fear of cooking;

Maieusiophobia- Fear of childbirth;

Malaxophobia- Fear of love play;

Maniaphobia- Fear of insanity;

Mastigophobia- Fear of punishment;

Mechanophobia- Fear of machines;

Medomalacuphobia- Fear of losing an erection;

Medorthophobia- Fear of an erect penis;

Megalophobia- Fear of large things;

Melissophobia- Fear of bees;

Melanophobia- Fear of the color black;

Melophobia- Fear or hatred of music;

Meningitophobia- Fear of brain disease;

Menophobia- Fear of menstruation;

Merinthophobia- Fear of being bound or tied up;

Metallophobia- Fear of metal;

Metathesiophobia- Fear of changes;

Meteorophobia- Fear of meteors;

Methyphobia- Fear of alcohol;

Metrophobia- Fear or hatred of poetry;

Microbiophobia- Fear of microbes;

Microphobia- Fear of small things;

Misophobia – Fear of being contaminated with dirt or germs;

Mnemophobia- Fear of memories;

Molysmophobia – Fear of dirt or contamination;

Monophobia- Fear of solitude or being alone;

Monopathophobia- Fear of definite disease;

Motorphobia- Fear of automobiles;

Mottephobia- Fear of moths;

Muriphobia- Fear of mice;

Mycophobia- Fear of mushrooms;

Mycrophobia- Fear of small things;

Myctophobia- Fear of darkness;

Myrmecophobia- Fear of ants;

Mythophobia- Fear of myths or stories or false statements;

Myxophobia- Fear of slime;

Nebulaphobia- Fear of fog;

Necrophobia- Fear of death or dead things;

Nelophobia- Fear of glass;

Neopharmaphobia- Fear of new drugs;

Neophobia- Fear of anything new;

Nephophobia- Fear of clouds;

Noctiphobia- Fear of the night;

Nomatophobia- Fear of names;

Nosocomephobia- Fear of hospitals;

Nosophobia – Fear of becoming ill;

Nostophobia- Fear of returning home;

Novercaphobia- Fear of your step-mother;

Nucleomituphobia- Fear of nuclear weapons;

Nudophobia- Fear of nudity;

Numerophobia- Fear of numbers;

Nyctohylophobia- Fear of dark wooded areas or of forests at night

Nyctophobia- Fear of the dark or of night;

Obesophobia- Fear of gaining weight;

Ochlophobia- Fear of crowds or mobs;

Ochophobia- Fear of vehicles;

Octophobia – Fear of the figure 8;

Odontophobia- Fear of teeth or dental surgery;

Odynophobia – Fear of pain;

Oenophobia- Fear of wines;

Oikophobia- Fear of home surroundings, house;

Olfactophobia- Fear of smells;

Ombrophobia- Fear of rain or of being rained on;

Ommatophobia- Fear of eyes;

Omphalophobia- Fear of belly buttons;

Oneirophobia- Fear of dreams;

Oneirogmophobia- Fear of wet dreams;

Onomatophobia- Fear of hearing a certain word or of names;

Ophidiophobia- Fear of snakes;

Ophthalmophobia- Fear of being stared at;

Opiophobia- Fear medical doctors experience of prescribing needed pain medications for patients;

Optophobia- Fear of opening one’s eyes;

Ornithophobia- Fear of birds;

Orthophobia- Fear of property;

Osmophobia – Fear of smells or odors;

Ostraconophobia- Fear of shellfish;

Ouranophobia – Fear of heaven

Pagophobia- Fear of ice or frost;

Panthophobia- Fear of suffering and disease;

Panophobia or Pantophobia- Fear of everything;

Papaphobia- Fear of the Pope;

Papyrophobia- Fear of paper;

Paralipophobia- Fear of neglecting duty or responsibility;

Paraphobia- Fear of sexual perversion;

Parasitophobia- Fear of parasites;

Paraskavedekatriaphobia- Fear of Friday the 13th;

Parthenophobia- Fear of young girls;

Pathophobia- Fear of disease;

Patroiophobia- Fear of heredity;

Parturiphobia- Fear of childbirth;

Peccatophobia- Fear of sinning or imaginary crimes;

Pediculophobia- Fear of lice;

Pediophobia- Fear of dolls;

Pedophobia- Fear of children;

Peladophobia- Fear of bald people;

Pellagrophobia- Fear of pellagra;

Peniaphobia- Fear of poverty;

Pentheraphobia- Fear of mother-in-law;

Phagophobia- Fear of swallowing or of eating or of being eaten;

Phalacrophobia- Fear of becoming bald;

Phallophobia- Fear of a penis, esp erect;

Pharmacophobia- Fear of taking medicine;

Phasmophobia- Fear of ghosts;

Phengophobia- Fear of daylight or sunshine;

Philemaphobia – Fear of kissing;

Philophobia- Fear of falling in love;

Philosophobia- Fear of philosophy;

Phobophobia- Fear of phobias;

Photoaugliaphobia- Fear of glaring lights;

Photophobia- Fear of light;

Phonophobia- Fear of noises or voices or one’s own voice; of telephones;

Phronemophobia- Fear of thinking;

Phthiriophobia- Fear of lice;

Phthisiophobia- Fear of tuberculosis;

Placophobia- Fear of tombstones;

Plutophobia- Fear of wealth;

Pluviophobia- Fear of rain or of being rained on;

Pneumatiphobia- Fear of spirits;

Pnigophobia – Fear of choking of being smothered;

Pocrescophobia- Fear of gaining weight;

Pogonophobia- Fear of beards;

Poliosophobia- Fear of contracting poliomyelitis;

Politicophobia- Fear or abnormal dislike of politicians;

Polyphobia- Fear of many things;

Poinephobia- Fear of punishment;

Ponophobia- Fear of overworking or of pain;

Porphyrophobia- Fear of the color purple;

Potamophobia- Fear of rivers or running water;

Potophobia- Fear of alcohol;

Pharmacophobia- Fear of drugs;

Proctophobia- Fear of rectums;

Prosophobia- Fear of progress;

Psellismophobia- Fear of stuttering;

Psychophobia- Fear of mind;

Psychrophobia- Fear of cold;

Pteromerhanophobia- Fear of flying;

Pteronophobia- Fear of being tickled by feathers;

Pupaphobia – Fear of puppets;

Pyrexiophobia- Fear of Fever;

Pyrophobia- Fear of fire

Quadraphobia- fear of the number four;

Quadriplegiphobia- fear of quadriplegics;

Quintaphobia- fear of the number five;

Radiophobia- Fear of radiation, x-rays;

Ranidaphobia- Fear of frogs;

Rectophobia- Fear of rectum or rectal diseases;

Rhabdophobia- Fear of being severely punished or beaten by a rod;

Rhypophobia- Fear of defecation;

Rhytiphobia- Fear of getting wrinkles;

Rupophobia- Fear of dirt;

Russophobia- Fear of Russians

Samhainophobia: Fear of Halloween;

Sarmassophobia- Fear of love play;

Satanophobia- Fear of Satan;

Scabiophobia- Fear of scabies;

Scatophobia- Fear of fecal matter;

Scelerophibia- Fear of bad men, burglars;

Sciophobia Sciaphobia- Fear of shadows;

Scoleciphobia- Fear of worms;

Scolionophobia- Fear of school;

Scopophobia or Scoptophobia- Fear of being seen or stared at;

Scotomaphobia- Fear of blindness in visual field;

Scotophobia- Fear of darkness;

Scriptophobia- Fear of writing in public;

Selachophobia- Fear of sharks;

Selaphobia- Fear of light flashes;

Selenophobia- Fear of the moon;

Seplophobia- Fear of decaying matter;

Sesquipedalophobia- Fear of long words;

Sexophobia- Fear of the opposite sex;

Siderodromophobia- Fear of trains, railroads or train travel;

Siderophobia- Fear of stars;

Sinistrophobia- Fear of things to the left or left-handed;

Sinophobia- Fear of Chinese, Chinese culture;

Sitophobia – Fear of food or eating;

Snakephobia- Fear of snakes;

Soceraphobia- Fear of parents-in-law;

Social Phobia- Fear of being evaluated negatively in social situations;

Sociophobia- Fear of society or people in general;

Somniphobia- Fear of sleep;

Sophophobia- Fear of learning;

Soteriophobia – Fear of dependence on others;

Spacephobia- Fear of outer space;

Spectrophobia- Fear of specters or ghosts;

Spermophobia- Fear of germs;

Spheksophobia- Fear of wasps;

Stasibasiphobia Fear of standing or walking;

Staurophobia- Fear of crosses or the crucifix;

Stenophobia- Fear of narrow things or places;

Stigiophobia- Fear of hell;

Suriphobia- Fear of mice;

Symbolophobia- Fear of symbolism;

Symmetrophobia- Fear of symmetry;

Syngenesophobia- Fear of relatives;

Syphilophobia- Fear of syphilis;

Tachophobia- Fear of speed;

Teniophobia- Fear of tapeworms;

Taphephobia – Fear of being buried alive or of cemeteries;

Tapinophobia- Fear of being contagious;

Taurophobia- Fear of bulls;

Technophobia- Fear of technology;

Teleophobia- Fear of definite plans;

Telephonophobia- Fear of telephones;

Teratophobia- Fear of bearing a deformed child or fear of monsters or deformed people;

Testophobia- Fear of taking tests;

Tetanophobia- Fear of lockjaw;

Textophobia- Fear of certain fabrics;

Thaasophobia- Fear of sitting;

Thalassophobia- Fear of the sea;

Thantophobia- Fear of death or dying;

Theatrophobia- Fear of theatres;

Theologicophobia- Fear of theology;

Theophobia- Fear of gods or religion;

Thermophobia- Fear of heat;

Tocophobia- Fear of pregnancy or childbirth;

Tomophobia- Fear of surgical operations;

Tonitrophobia- Fear of thunder;

Topophobia- Fear of certain places or situations, such as stage fright;

Toxicophobia- Fear of poison or of being accidentally poisoned;

Traumatophobia- Fear of injury;

Tremophobia- Fear of trembling;

Trichinophobia- Fear of trichinosis;

Trichopathophobia – Fear of hair;

Triskaidekaphobia- Fear of the number 13;

Tropophobia- Fear of moving or making changes;

Trypanophobia- Fear of injections;

Tuberculophobia- Fear of tuberculosis;

Tyrannophobia- Fear of tyrants;

Uranophobia or Ouranophobia- Fear of heaven;

Urophobia- Fear of urine or urinating

Vaccinophobia- Fear of vaccination;

Venustraphobia- Fear of beautiful women;

Verbophobia- Fear of words;

Verminophobia- Fear of germs;

Vestiphobia- Fear of clothing;

Virginitiphobia- Fear of rape;

Vitricophobia- Fear of step-father;

Walloonphobia- Fear of the Walloons;

Wiccaphobia: Fear of witches and witchcraft;

Xanthophobia- Fear of the color yellow or the word yellow;

Xenoglossophobia- Fear of foreign languages;

Xenophobia- Fear of strangers or foreigners;

Xerophobia- Fear of dryness;

Xylophobia- Fear of wooden objects;

Xyrophobia-Fear of razors

Zelophobia- Fear of jealousy;

Zeusophobia- Fear of God or gods;

Zemmiphobia- Fear of the great mole rat;

Zoophobia- Fear of animals;

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Can Rhetorical Devices Improve a Speech?

Rhetorical Terms

1. ADYNATON

2. ANADIPLOSIS

4. RHETORICAL QUESTION

7. ASTERISMOS

8. CHIASMUS

10. EUTREPISMUS

The Speech

Rhetorical Devices in a Speech

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